NCERT Solutions for Social Science Chapter 4 – Understanding laws

Law is a set of rules that governs a group of people and is usually imposed by a government or institution. It has a variety of effects on politics, economics, and society. The term "rule of law" refers to the fact that all laws apply equally to all people of a country and that no one is above the law. Any crime or rule of law violation has a specified punishment and a process for determining guilt. On the highways, the most prevalent illustration of a rule of law infraction can be witnessed.

The rules of the road are disregarded by both motorists and pedestrians. Pedestrians rarely use the zebra crossing and freely cross the road, endangering themselves as well as other road users. Speed limits are not followed, and drivers do not stop behind the line at traffic signals. Motorists who do not follow traffic laws risk being punished or endangering pedestrians or other motorists.

The argument that the British imposed the Rule of Law in India is refuted by historians for two reasons: 

a. Colonial law was arbitrary, such as the Sedition Act of 1870. Anyone who opposed or questioned British authority may be punished without a trial under the Act.

b. Indian nationalists were influential in the creation of British India's legal system. Indian lawyers began to defend and fight for the rights of Indians. Indian judges also had a significant part in the decision-making process.

Women's organisations in India worked tirelessly to get the new domestic violence law passed. They used various venues such as public protests, hearings, meetings with other organisations, press conferences, and petitions to the government to introduce a new reformed domestic violence bill that included demands such as monetary relief, protection from eviction from the shared household, and protection orders against further violence. The Parliamentary Standing Committee received responses from a number of women's organisations as well as the National Commission for Women. In 2005, a new measure was submitted in Parliament. Domestic violence used to be defined as "injury or harm or threat of injury or harm" committed by an adult male against a woman. In 2006, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, which had been passed in 2005, was expanded to include physical, economic, sexual, verbal, and emotional abuse.

This line refers to Indian nationalists' demonstrations against British authorities' violations of the rule of law and the development of a robust legal system that supports Indian residents. British colonists discriminated against Indians in their own land, with the Sedition Act of 1870 being the most notorious example of lawlessness.

Anyone who protests or criticizes British authority could be prosecuted without a trial under the Act. Indian freedom warriors protested the Act, arguing that a more reasonable system of rules based on egalitarian values would be preferable.

Many Indians began practising law and utilized it to demand and get equal rights for all people. For example, moderate politicians such as Dadabhai Naoroji, Madan Mohan Malviya, and Motilal Nehru were attorneys who believed in the constitutional system. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Indian lawyer who believed in encouraging Indians to be self-sufficient. 

In addition, Indian judges took a larger part in the decision-making process. As a result, during colonial authority, Indians played a significant part in the evolution of the rule of law.